“America Needs More People”

That’s according to the editorial board of the New York Times, arguing for expanding immigration into the United States. Based on comments, most of their subscribers disagree.

by Philip Cafaro

By insisting that enforcing immigration limits is immoral, liberals in the U.S. have twice helped elect Donald Trump President. Facing a second Trump administration, some are beginning to rethink their position. Democrats in the U.S. Senate are poised to help pass the Laken Riley Act, which would make it harder for criminal aliens to avoid deportation. Last year, these same Democrats refused to take up the measure.

Donald Trump has again been made President of the United States.

The editorial board of the New York Times is taking a different approach. Having opposed all measures to limit illegal immigration for decades, they now profess a willingness to enforce America’s immigration laws. Only, however, if the country greatly increases legal immigration. Their justification? “America needs more people.”

One might think that at 340 million strong and growing, the United States was sufficiently populous. However, the Times editorial continues:

Americans no longer make enough babies to maintain the country’s population. To sustain economic growth, the United States needs an infusion of a few million immigrants every year.

Without immigrants, the population would start to decline immediately, leaving employers short-handed, curtailing the economy’s potential and causing the kinds of strains on public services and society that have plagued Rust Belt cities for decades.

The Times generally talks a good game about protecting the environment and reducing economic inequality. But when push comes to shove, continued economic growth trumps all such commitments. This editorial demonstrates particularly clearly the connection between conventional economic thinking and a commitment to Ponzi scheme demographics.

Make no mistake, if you live in the developed world, this debate is coming to your country too, if it isn’t occurring already. In recent decades, citizens in Germany and Holland, France and the UK, Australia and New Zealand have all chosen to have small families that would allow them to shrink national populations — while their governments have chosen to override that choice by increasing immigration.

Can developed nations ratchet back their numbers to a sustainable level? Can real environmentalists and genuine patriots defeat the unholy alliance of naïve open borders advocates and cynical neo-liberal capitalists pushing for continued population growth? Time will tell.

Interestingly, most New York Times readers aren’t buying what the elites are selling on immigration. Dozens of the most “liked” comments on the Times’ editorial reject the idea of endless growth, primarily on environmental grounds. Below we share some of the most popular and insightful.

Reading these comments, I felt my spirits rise. Most intelligent people, free from hubris or ideological blindness, understand that acknowledging limits is key to protecting the environment and creating sustainable societies. Enjoy!

Jack, NM

The population of the U.S. and the world needs to be much lower, not higher. Technology alone cannot prevent, let alone remediate, the environmental damage that has occurred and continues to occur. All environments have population limits. And open borders only undermine national and regional progress in lowering birth rates. The notion that we need to crowd more people into a landmass that is already buckling under the strain because Economists and their Billionaire overlords deem it necessary to vindicate theories and enrich stockholders is asinine.

2605 Recommend

Walker, FL

@Jack “But if we don’t have a steady flow of easily exploitable workers, how will we generate infinitely growing profit for our shareholders?”

1979 Recommend

Ss, NC

Why do we need more people? Articles like this seem to take it as an axiom that we do, but I’ve yet to see anyone explain it rational, evidence-based terms as to why. We were a strong and successful nation with 250M people, 300M people and 325M people. We had 140M people at the end of WWII, when we dominated the world economically and militarily. So why do we now need 350M people? 400M? 500M?

1698 Recommend

Rtj, Massachusetts

Seems that the Ed Board have, unsurprisingly, learned nothing from the last 4 years. We need housing, lots and lots of it. Build enough housing for the people here, and more. Then you can talk about letting more people in, not before. That’s before you get to crowded school buildings. hospitals, etc. Or as our solid blue state governor said as Biden sent waves and waves of immigrant families to a state with the tightest housing market in the country – we don’t have the infrastructure for this. And as for redirecting so much of fragile state, municipal, and federal money as “investment” funds for “new arrivals” dependent on the state, maybe invest in our own poor and underprivileged population first. And raise wages while you’re at it.

1544 Recommend

It starts at the top, Oregon

The need for more people stems only from the need for corporations to make more money and government to collect more taxes. The planet needs fewer people in order to rebalance its ecosystems.

1496 Recommend

Mr Mallard, MA

Excessive immigration has led to the waste of billions of dollars that should have been spent on American citizens. It has led to congestion, to housing shortages, to school and hospital crises. If the price of solving that is getting better wages for workers and watching rich people struggle to mow their own lawns, then sign me up. And the left wonders why it lost the working class. (Economics aside, you’ve also got to remember that overpopulation is The Problem underlying all major global problems. We are a species that has outgrown its habitat. We don’t need more people. We need a lot fewer of them.)

1129 Recommend

Arnold, NC

America does NOT need ‘more people’. We, as with most of the countries of this world, are already overpopulated. Destruction of our environment is directly proportional to demands from the ever higher population for more electricity, petroleum, roads, water, and food crops. We’ve shown that environmental regulations and ‘clean energy’ can’t keep up with greater and greater demand. In fact, steadily rising summer temperatures will inevitably lead to failure of major food crops, and thus to famine. Yes, our population is aging and most migrants reduce this age imbalance. But the new residents require food, toys, shelter, etc. which simply won’t be available. The real solution has got to be as Jimmy Carter suggested years ago – we have to use less, live simply, and find ways to cope in the life span we are awarded.

765 Recommend

Gaussian, Chicago, IL

One day, hopefully not too far in the future, the Times will look back on this article with a deep sense of regret—and perhaps even a measure of disgust. In a world already buckling under the strain of overpopulation and ecological collapse, advocating for more growth feels not only irresponsible but profoundly disconnected from reality. The Earth has limits, and we are already testing them to the brink. Instead of doubling down on unsustainable expansion, we must prioritize living within the planet’s means before it’s too late.

655 Recommend

LaPine, Pacific Northwest

Our ability to breed isn’t finite, but our planet is. One would think this is an easy concept to grasp, but to date, it hasn’t sunk in. Our planet is slowly dying due to the effect of all emissions of its destructive inhabitants: humans. The arguments made in the first paragraphs are illogical and unsubstantiated. If there are 9 million fewer people in Japan, there is less mail to deliver, thus requiring fewer people delivering mail, not more. Let’s define the “rocket fuel” analogy as well: immigrants to be exploited at less than prevailing wages so their white overlords can make obscene profits from that exploitation. Why do you think American businesses move factories to China? Or 3rd world countries? Hello? As the abundant cheap labor force dries up, wages will rise proportionately, as they should. There will neither be a housing shortage, nor will housing costs rise beyond demand. Problem solved. A perfectly good immigration bill, arrived by a bipartisan committee, was quashed by the orange toddler, as it had to be a campaign issue. Even with this knowledge, voters put the new criminal felon in office, again. I don’t doubt the GOP Congress will float the bill now. We were a successful nation when I was born in 1953, with a population 155 million, less than half the current 346 million, who are burning up the planet, fueling the 6th great extinction of species, and destroying our oceans.

600 Recommend

Andrew, Washington

Can our beautiful land carry more people? Sure. But can it do so without further degradation of our environment and quality of life? No. Traffic is horrible. National and State parks are overcrowded. Housing is scarce. Wildlife habitat is shrinking. We’re using more and more energy and resources. If we can’t figure out how to live a decent quality of life without “forever growth” we’re doomed. Stabilizing our population through immigration may be a good first step. Helping other countries stabilize their economies and political situations will likely relieve the pressure on people there who want to leave. Ultimately finding a way to maintain a high quality of life while depopulating should be a goal of all nations.

598 Recommend

Tim M, Ohio

Travel to Japan, it has to be one of the cleanest, safest and most orderly in the world. Maybe a shrinking population is not so bad.

497 Recommend

Cljuniper, Denver

I wrote my BA economics thesis 50 years ago on the effects of Zero Population Growth birth rates. The likely outcome of ZPG birth rates then, and now, is higher per capita income. Your well thought-out editorial begins with the false assumption that what we call “economic growth” i.e. GDP growth is reflective of a quality of life, and is ecologically sustainable. Whereas by the end of the 1960s fore-sighted economists like Herman Daly and EF Schumacher and Kenneth Boulding had recognized the need for a “steady-state economy” and managing our limited resources and waste-handling capacity (climate chaos is a waste-handling capacity problem) in accordance with the fact we live on a spaceship, not an endless frontier. In short, we don’t need more people in the US. Our economy is dramatically unsustainable now – the most unsustainable per person in the world as measured by CO2 emissions per capita. With coming productivity and efficiency gains we’ll need fewer people to produce what’s needed – and thus the predictions 50 years ago of higher per capita incomes with fewer people. Who’s against that? Nobody. We do not have a demographic crisis; we have a crisis of antiquated management systems for 21st century challenges. We must work very carefully to avoid the “overshoot and collapse” predictions of the early 1970s – we are already seeing how poorly we manage ecological systems aka natural capital (required for creating wealth) in wildfires, extinctions etc. Rethink!

338 Recommend

Ben of Austin, Austin

We need a new economic paradigm that is not growth dependent. The ongoing sentiment and economic policy inherent in “To sustain economic growth, the United States needs an infusion of a few million immigrants every year” is devastating to the environment (how many ecosystems have been lost or are on the verge of collapsing because of a unrestrained growth mindset) and, ultimately, the planet. On a per capita basis, U.S. residents (citizens or not) consume more natural resources than any other nation. Resouce swallowing cities, like sprawling, non-dense Houston, can’t become the norm. Immigration is a complex issue and even with its complexities needs to be positioned with consideration of sustainability, housing, environmental protection, education, etc. And, economically, we need to somehow untether economic satisfaction from population growth.

281 Recommend

AKJersey, New Jersey

No, the key problem is too many people, worldwide! Overpopulation is directly responsible for global warming, environmental destruction, and resource depletion. In the long run, reducing world population is the only way to achieve a sustainable world.

269 Recommend

CMP NJ

I formerly worked in construction for a couple decades. Highly skilled and native-born master carpenters I know have seen their real wages decline by over 10%, largely due to the industry wide lower pay scales for immigrants. As a lifelong liberal Democrat, I see this issue as encapsulating the party’s problem with working class voters. It is also a prime driver of the authoritarian White Nationalism of Trumpism. Therefore, it’s way past time for the Democratic Party to become far more realistic about the damage its stance on immigration has caused.

241 Recommend

This is just a small sample of the many excellent comments generated by this clueless editorial. For more on the benefits of smaller populations, see:

Aging Human Populations: Good for Us, Good for the Earth, by Frank Götmark, Philip Cafaro and Jane O’Sullivan

How to Fix the Planet, the Easy Way, by Jon Austen

Overpopulation Is Still a Huge Problem: An Interview with Jane O’Sullivan, by Richard Heinberg

Published

21 responses to ““America Needs More People””

  1. James West Avatar

    Population is ultimately an individual choice. You participate in moderated procreation (2 kids max), unmoderated procreation (3-15 or even more), or you abstain. As the latter, it’s an ideal form of contribution to the future of those who are products of the first two categories. Educating and indoctrinating citizens to choose abstinence – even incentivizing them with tax credits – is about as far as government involvement can go with procreation.

    Immigration is a whole different debate.

    Is the carrying capacity of the ecology of the United States able to withstand population growth beyond 340m?

    Not if we consider the climate volatility leading to intense and more frequent fires, hurricanes, floods and droughts are any indication, as by-products of overpopulation.

    The bottom line is the maximum possible duration of humanity as a species, ex of extraterrestrial causes, is directly correlated to the number of people on Earth, as per Nicolai Georgescu-Rogen, Heman Daly, …Thomas Malthus even.

    The biggest hurdle to a voluntary reduction in collective procreation is education. And given the state of current global governance, that does not appear likely to change anytime soon.

  2. Greg Dougall Avatar

    With exponential increases in the use and capabilities of Artifici3l lnt3lligence, forthcoming humanoid robots, the Department of Government Efficiency, self driving cars, self driving farming vehicles, etc., I would argue that many, many, many jobs are about to disappear.

    1. gaiabaracetti Avatar

      Everyone forgets that using machines (of any kind) to do the jobs humans used to requires energy. Energy isn’t infinite either. Cheap energy is ending; all the alternatives are not as good as fossil fuels, and are as environmentally destructive or even worse. Sooner or later we’ll need to start working with our hands again, and I see that as a welcome development. A society in which robots do everything while people are on holiday all the time, buffing up at the gym or navel-gazing until it makes them crazy or miserable is not utopia to me, it’s dystopia.
      We are born to do some work, including with our bodies; we just need to share it better and overproduce less.

    2. PHILIP CAFARO Avatar

      I’m expecting that too. Seems like exactly the wrong time to be bringing in lots more workers!

  3. Dag Lindgren Avatar

    Fewer babies and less young means that workforce available for other tasks than taking care of own or others children and youth become available. Less investments needed for maintaining and increasing infrastructure like housing, transporting, waste treatment etc. And a better future environment for all.

    1. gaiabaracetti Avatar

      Yes but where I live pretty much every single person taking care of the elderly is an immigrant. So either the “natives” start doing it, or we stop pushing people’s life expectancy to 100 and beyond.

      1. PHILIP CAFARO Avatar

        I think it’s all a question of degree. Populations can shrink too quickly, causing labor shortages in essential services, like taking care of the elderly. BUT … they can also shrink more gradually, making the process more manageable. Combined with increased wages for elderly-care workers, societies can deal with the issue.

        Recognizing such complications is not the same as buying into the mainstream economists’ view that populations and economies can only keep growing, that any kind of decrease is automatically bad. Because of course, all this economic activity is taking place in ecosystems that are being strained beyond their breaking points.

        As societies, we should be working on managed degrowth, economically and socially sustainable degrowth. Instead, we are mostly plowing ahead in the old way and hoping for the best …

    2. Dag Lindgren Avatar

      To Philip Cafaro
      I challenge your opinion. “Populations can shrink too quickly…. BUT … they can also shrink more gradually, making the process more manageable.”
      The country with the lowest nativity https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea is South Korea, where the the fertility rate stood at 0.72 in 2023—the lowest in the world. It is considered a democratic well fair state with expected life time and GNP/per capita rather similar to Sweden. It is true that it has taken actions to raise the birth rate but that is more for political reasons, e.g. its Armed Forces is one of the largest and most powerful standing armed forces, and they worry for future recruits. Similar most “rich” countries has low fertility and many poor countries high. But it seems the well-fare country people has it reasonable well in spite of low fertility.
      Even if labour is not limiting I still feel where are reasons not go lower than one child per woman. We need to preserve the competence to handle kid and youth and children is a basic part of human society. I think it is good to have sibs and cousins relatives for maintaining life long social bands only parents and grandparents is not enough. Etc

      1. gaiabaracetti Avatar

        Only children tend to bond with cousins, or friends. It’s nice to have brothers and sisters but there can be substitutes.
        As for workers – have a look at the actual percentage of working people relative to the whole population in any country with a low fertility rate. In Italy, a bit of an outlier but not that much, it’s less than half the population. Only about 25 million people work formally, out of a population of almost 60 million. A mixture of only entering the job market very late, refusing certain jobs or not being hired for them, people marrying well or inheriting money so that they don’t have to work, a mismatch between what one can do and what opportunities they get, and of course unsustainable early retirement… means that we have many people who could work but don’t. In part they do other useful things, but many just sit at home or travel or whatever, without contributing to society. And they are usually the richer ones.
        We don’t need immigrants to take care of the elderly; we need to do it ourselves, and also to reassess our relationship with aging, and possibly consider euthanasia *for the people that want it*, vs what in Italian we call “accanimento terapeutico”, that is insisting on treating people who get no benefit from it and only a prolongation of pain.

      2. PHILIP CAFARO Avatar

        Dag, I think we are in agreement: population decrease can sometimes happen too quickly. Whether that’s the case in South Korea is beyond my expertise/experience. Presumably, a 0.8 TFR might be socially sustainable for a decade or two, but not for 100 or 200 years.

        It’s also the case that social sustainability and ecological sustainability might not correspond. South Korea is one of the most densely populated countries in the world, and it’s relatively rich. I assume a sustainable population there would only be a small fraction of its current population. But it might be very difficult to keep a functioning society and economy with a population that is decreasing too rapidly.

        We shouldn’t assume that our environmental and social problems have nice neat solutions that will all dovetail neatly with one another.

        Gaia, re: “We don’t need immigrants to take care of the elderly; we need to do it ourselves,” I agree! Also with the idea that we need to clean our own toilets, expressed earlier. The reproduction of a sort of immigrant “caste system” to perform all the hardest, dirtiest jobs in a modern society, paying them poorly for it to boot, seems extremely perverse.

  4. gaiabaracetti Avatar

    But as Kelly Osbourne would say, “If you kick every Latino out of this country, then who is going to be cleaning our toilets?” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a8INEYLFWwc

  5. Stable Genius Avatar

    At least voters got a choice in US, to ignore the “woke” classes and NY Times. No similar luck in the rest of the Anglosphere. Silly Australia brags that its population will still be “growing in 2100”. The Opposition Leader flirted with (slightly) lower immigration, but was quickly brought to heel.

  6. gaiabaracetti Avatar

    Dag, I have no actual expertise on South Korea either, but it’s a source of endless fascination for me. It seems to be the human equivalent of the famous (and cruel) rat experiment – you put as many people as possible in a small space, you clean it, keep it running, feed them all they need, and see what happens. What happens is that people stop breeding, just like those rats. Among East Asian countries, the richer, more urbanised ones tend to have very low fertility rates – and often a gender imbalance too. Japan, Singapore, China, Taiwan… there’s an interesting chapter in Alan Weisman’s “Countdown” (that book is so good) in which he goes to Japan and sees the urban couples not having kids and often not even having sex, but the rural ones do. We are animals after all, and it seems clear that extreme crowding reduces the breeding impulse through several conscious and unconscious mechanisms. Even if you live in a utopia garden city like Singapore or Seoul.
    Now the interesting thing is that the Japanese people apparently don’t like having too many foreigners around, so I’ve heard that those who moved to those supposedly empty Japanese villages are then often driven out. South Korea will probably get a lot of foreigners migrating into it in the next decades, attracted by job opportunities and the prospect of marrying one of those beautiful people they see in movies and dramas. There’s so many youtube videos on people doing that and then being disappointed that reality isn’t like fiction and there’s a reason these people aren’t marrying each other in the first place.
    In the meanwhile, isolated tribes in the Amazon start thriving and having lots of children as soon as the pressure on the forest relents. Even though they are those living in harmony with nature and caring about it, and materialistic East Asian societies don’t care. And yet reproductive rates are the opposite.
    So fascinating!

  7. gaiabaracetti Avatar

    Philip, it totally is a caste system already. When I was looking for someone to help me with the sheep, the advice I usually got was “why don’t you hire a Bengali?” (or Afghan or Pakistani etc) It made me so mad! People are really starting to think in those terms like it’s normal, like certain ethnic groups do certain jobs (even though they came here precisely because they aspire to something else). I said, if I can do it, another Italian can do it too. The problem is that we’d need to pay for food three times as much at least, if we don’t want to have to resort to hiring immigrants or very poor locals.
    Also, we need to raise our children with different expectations. Would you be happy with your children picking tomatoes or changing old people’s diapers for a living? I would if they were paid properly and satisfied with their choice, but I’d be the exception.

  8. David Polewka Avatar

    My comment in a NY Times article about California fire, followed by a reply:
    David Polewka, Chapel Hill NC, Jan. 23
    As population increases, more and more people have to live in high-risk areas.
    The ecologists called for Zero Population Growth 50 years ago, and they had
    good reasons for doing so. They were ignored. The purpose of natural enemies
    is quantity control and quality control. When we suppress communicable diseases,
    quantity is out of control & the average quality of the species is reduced!
    ———————–
    Kirk Redburne, Brooklyn, Jan. 23
    @David Polewka: Population panic is rightly ignored due to it’s problematic eugenicist undertones and logical fallacies.

    The problem is not population size; the United States could support almost double the current population with no discernible difference in quality of life.

    No, the part that’s always ignored is that we have a resource distribution problem. And of course it’s ignored because addressing it would mean directly challenging this model wherein the lion’s share of resources is controlled by a elite few.

    1. gaiabaracetti Avatar

      “the United States could support almost double the current population with no discernible difference in quality of life”
      People will just keep saying this, won’t they? No amount of reasoning, data, logic, talking to them about how we share the planet with other species too… will ever convince them, apparently.

      1. PHILIP CAFARO Avatar

        Some people say it, but in my experience most people don’t believe it. I don’t know many Coloradans (where I live) who think our state would be a better place with 2X the people. People already hate the Denver traffic jams, or the fact that you have to reserve a spot to hike in Rocky Mountain National Park in the summer

  9. Raghu Kalakuntla Avatar

    I am one of 12,793,268 followers on Instagram of Sadhguru who has this to say:

    We need to control our population growth to save ourselves and the planet.
    If future generations have to live well, we have to conduct our lives consciously.
    Why are we saying “by 2050 human population will be 9.6 Billion? Why can’t we say by 2050 we want human population to go down to x.x?
    No amount of environmentalism we do matters if we cannot reduce our populations.

    https://isha.sadhguru.org/en/wisdom/video/population-explosion?gad_source=1&gclid=CjwKCAiAqfe8BhBwEiwAsne6ge2G9rCvEVler6NHNgjklMfPU1nL75CqNK-GWc3HOUG_a5Z7lLjZRRoC9uIQAvD_BwE

  10. […] from citizens which is within reach, and which they can act upon. This is obvious to me, and many may agree – but how many? Do any important actors use the term […]

  11. […] * Philip Cafaro, “America Needs More People” […]

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